Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It is the direct successor to Windows 8.1, which was released nearly two years earlier. It was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on July 29, 2015.[18] Windows 10 was made available for download via MSDN and TechNet, as a free upgrade for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 users via the Windows Store, and to Windows 7 users via Windows Update. Windows 10 receives new builds on an ongoing basis, which are available at no additional cost to users, in addition to additional test builds of Windows 10, which are available to Windows Insiders. Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.[19][20] In June 2021, Microsoft announced that support for Windows 10 editions which are not in the Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) will end on October 14, 2025.[16]
Crack Product Design Manufacturing Collection 2015
As part of Microsoft's unification strategies, Windows products that are based on Windows 10's common platform but meant for specialized platforms are marketed as editions of the operating system, rather than as separate product lines. An updated version of Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system for smartphones, and also tablets, was branded as Windows 10 Mobile.[145] Editions of Enterprise and Mobile will also be produced for embedded systems, along with Windows 10 IoT Core, which is designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios and is similar to Windows Embedded.[143][144]
On July 29, 2015, Microsoft officially announced that Windows 10 would be released for retail purchase as a free upgrade from earlier versions of Windows. In comparison to previous Windows releases, which had a longer turnover between the release to manufacturing (RTM) and general release to allow for testing by vendors (and in some cases, the development of "upgrade kits" to prepare systems for installation of the new version), an HP executive explained that because it knew Microsoft targeted the operating system for a 2015 release, the company was able to optimize its then-current and upcoming products for Windows 10 in advance of its release, negating the need for such a milestone.[159][better source needed]
Rock Paper Shotgun writer Alec Meer argued that Microsoft's intent for this data collection lacked transparency, stating that "there is no world in which 45 pages of policy documents and opt-out settings split across 13 different settings screens and an external website constitutes 'real transparency'."[353] Joel Hruska of ExtremeTech wrote that "the company that brought us the 'Scroogled' campaign now hoovers up your data in ways that would make Google jealous."[283] However, it was also pointed out that the requirement for such vast usage of customer data had become a norm, citing the increased reliance on cloud computing and other forms of external processing, as well as similar data collection requirements for services on mobile devices such as Google Now and Siri.[353][356] In August 2015, Russian politician Nikolai Levichev called for Windows 10 to be banned from use within the Russian government, as it sends user data to servers in the United States. The Russian government had passed a federal law requiring all online services to store the data of Russian users on servers within the country by September 2016 or be blocked.[357][358] Writing for ZDNet, Ed Bott said that the lack of complaints by businesses about privacy in Windows 10 indicated "how utterly normal those privacy terms are in 2015."[359] In a Computerworld editorial, Preston Gralla said that "the kind of information Windows 10 gathers is no different from what other operating systems gather. But Microsoft is held to a different standard than other companies".[360]
Natural composites utilize reinforcing particles exquisitely organized into complex architectures to achieve superior mechanical properties including the shells of abalones1, the dactyl clubs of peacock mantis shrimp2,3 and the cortical bones of mammals4. To grow these reinforcement architectures, biological systems invoke complex cellular and molecular processes. Such ordered, yet heterogeneous, reinforcement architectures are frequently linked to superior mechanical properties. The diversity of reinforcement architectures in natural materials far exceeds the composite design currently available in synthetic materials. Reinforcement architectures in synthetic composites are currently limited, in part, by our inability to control the local orientation of the stiff elements that comprise the reinforcement architecture. Though natural manufacturing processes are complex, novel colloidal assembly techniques and advances in additive manufacturing can be harnessed to also grow synthetic composites with similarly complex architectures.
3D magnetic printing enables an entirely new class of strong, lightweight composites. We envision a manufacturing process that starts with a user inputting a digital geometry via computer aided design (CAD) software or an imaging device (for example, 3D laser scanner), applying finite element mechanical analysis on the digital geometry to find an optimized reinforcement architecture and 3D printing the optimum architecture by orienting reinforcement in each voxel. The ability to tune reinforcement architectures provides wide programmability to the stiffness, strength, toughness and multi-functionality of composite materials. To investigate these claims, we characterized monolithic blocks of 3D magnetic printed composites (that is, all voxels having the same orientation) with tensile tests to measure the material properties along each axes (Fig. 3a,b). Axes with reinforcement aligned parallel to the principal stresses (strong axis) exhibited both enhanced stiffness and hardness, which is the expected result from composite theory. In addition, strong-axis composites had a strain at rupture twofold larger than weak-axis composites (4% versus 2%, both much less than the 300% of the pure matrix). To validate that these material properties are maintained within each voxel in a complex printed structure, a micro-architecture was designed and subjected to hardness mapping to measure local material properties (Fig. 3c). Hardness mapping has been used to demonstrate the detailed programmability of composites in the natural world especially in graded structures that have heterogeneous hardness23,24. Voxels with reinforcement oriented out-of-plane demonstrate a significant increase in out-of-plane hardness relative to voxels with in-plane reinforcement.
A sound knowledge of these temperature points is very important for glass manufacturers; it helps ensure production efficiency as well as high quality products. But it is also important for application design so that the right glass is chosen for a specific job. If a glass lens is going to be used in a high temperature environment, like the lens for a spotlight, its softening point has to be higher than the operating temperature of the light or the glass could lose its desired shape. These temperatures are also critical for setting parameters for the annealing, tempering, or heat-strengthening of glasses.
Al/SiC FGM has been prepared, and resulted in noticeable improvement in flexural strength, thermal fatigue behavior, and thermal shock resistance with an increase in the number of layers [39]. The concept of FGM is successfully utilized in dental implants with help of the effective combination of mechanical and biocompatible properties. This property combination is helpful in solving several implant failure problems such as lack of biomechanical bonding, insufficient mechanical strength, etc. Other concerns with this concept are the cost of production (which is very high) and the desired shape of the implant. Still, many techniques have evolved that are capable of overcoming these problems [43]. HA/Ti is a suitable material combination for use as a bone implant, in which HA provides biocompatibility and Ti provides mechanical strength. However, the sintering temperatures of both are different, so there are chances that coating of HA on Ti will peel off. To prepare uniform biocompatible bioceramics, functionally graded HA is fabricated by press forming and sintering with a gradient of nano-/micrograin. Functionally graded HA with nanograins have a rough surface that provides biocompatibility, and micrograins provide better mechanical properties [44]. An HA/316L gradient was prepared by a pressureless sintering process, and it was found that nanosized HA gives more densification and there is interdiffusion of chromium from the 316L to the HA interface. Nanograined FGMs show the best hardness and corrosion resistance as compared to micrograined FGMs due to interfacial reaction [45]. For improvement of biocompatibility and mechanical properties of HA, it is prepared in the form of CNT- and 316L-reinforced HA FGM; however, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, after sintering, residual thermal stresses are generated and result in cracking. Thus, with the optimum combination of sintering parameters and binder content, this problem can be controlled and the reinforcement plays a critical role here [46]. SS316L/HA and SS316L/CS (calcium silicate) were prepared using solid-state sintering, and it was found that SS316L/CS had better mechanical properties as well as load-bearing capacity as compared to SS316L/HA with increasing sintering temperature [47]. Al2O3-ZrO2 gradient FGM was prepared and found to be very useful, with improved impact resistance by delay in crack propagation and improved layer integrity [48]. The main advantage of the PM technique is the elimination of macroscopic interface, atomic defect, cracks, ability to prepare FGM with continuous or stepwise gradient, as well as higher composition uniformity along with the absence of segregation and second-phase carbides. The precipitates that form after processing are also more uniformly distributed. Despite all these research works and advancement in this method, still some disadvantages remain, such as the high cost of the material and bulk production, etc. These are the main associated problems that require further research [49]. 2ff7e9595c
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